Anthropology
Chairman of the Committee on the Undergraduate Program:
Ralph Nicholas, H 314, 702-7721
Departmental Secretary: Anne Chien, H 119, 702-8551
Program of Study
Anthropology encompasses a number of historical and comparative approaches to human cultural and physical variety, ranging from the study of human evolution and prehistory to the study of cultures as systems of meaningful symbols. Anthropology involves, at one extreme, such natural scientific studies as anatomy, ecology, genetics, and geology; at the other, various social sciences and humanities ranging from psychology, sociology, and linguistics to philosophy, history, and comparative religion. Anthropology can lead (through graduate study) to careers in research and teaching in university and museum settings. More often it provides a background for further work in other disciplines of the social sciences, humanities, and biological sciences, as well as for professional careers in government, business, law, medicine, social services, and other fields.
Program Requirements
Students wishing to concentrate in anthropology must confer with the undergraduate chairman before being officially admitted to the program. The Bachelor of Arts program in anthropology consists of thirteen courses, of which at least ten are normally chosen from those listed or cross-listed as Department of Anthropology courses (a minimum of three from the introductory group 211 through 214, plus seven others). With approval in advance from the program chairman, the additional three concentration courses may be ones offered by other departments.
Students are encouraged to construct individual programs, and in so doing they should consult regularly with the program chairman. For a view of the whole of anthropology they may wish to include courses in each of the four recognized subfields of anthropology: archaeological, physical, linguistic, and sociocultural. Examples from courses currently offered are
Archaeological. Anthropology 261, 263, 264, 266, 269, 287, 288, 291, 292, 362, 364, 365, 390, 467, 468, 560, 568.
Physical. 381, 384, 481, 485.
Linguistic. Anthropology 270, 278, 279, 372, 373, 374, 376, 377, 378, 412, 473, 577.
Sociocultural. Anthropology 211, 212, 213, 220, 244, 245, 306, 307, 308, 311, 313, 314, 315, 320, 326, 327, 331, 339, 343, 358, 372, 412, 427, 448, 502, 508, 516, 523, 532, 549.
The courses numbered Anthropology 211 through 214 do not presume any previous study of anthropology and may be taken in any order; their contents often vary and, if so, a student may take a course of the same number for a second or third time.
These courses are intended to offer an introduction to some of the substantive, methodological, and theoretical issues of sociocultural anthropology. Students emphasizing sociocultural anthropology are encouraged also to take one or more of the non-Western civilization sequences: African, South Asian, and Latin American. These civilization sequences normally feature anthropological approaches and content. Other civilization sequences can be taken for anthropology credit in accordance with the individual student's needs or interests.
Students who wish to emphasize study in biological, archaeological, or linguistic anthropology are referred by the program chairman to departmental advisers in these fields to assist them in developing the requirements of their individual programs.
Where desirable for a student's individual anthropology program and with the approval of the program chairman in advance, a student may also obtain course credit for supervised individual reading or research (Anthropology 299), as well as by attending field schools or courses offered by other universities.
Summary of Requirements
3 from Anthro 211 to 214
7 additional anthropology courses
3 anthropology or approved related courses
13
Grading. Concentration courses must be taken for quality grades unless the program chairman gives permission in advance for P/N or P/F registration.
Honors. A special honors program is open, on application to the undergraduate program chairman before the end of the junior year, to superior students with an overall grade point average of 3.25 or better who wish to develop an extended piece of research through a bachelor's essay under the approved supervision of a faculty member. One quarter's registration in Anthropology 290 may be devoted to the preparation of the senior honors essay. For award of honors, the essay must be judged excellent by the faculty member who supervised the work and then by a second reader approved by the program chairman. No later than the fifth week of the quarter in which the student expects to graduate, two copies of the completed paper must be submitted to the program chairman by the student being recommended for special honors.
Faculty
ARJUN APPADURAI, Barbara E. & Richard J. Franke Professor, Departments of Anthropology and South Asian Languages & Civilizations and the College
ANDREW APTER, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology and the College
MANUELA L. CARNEIRO DA CUNHA, Professor, Department of Anthropology and the College
JEAN COMAROFF, Bernard E. and Ellen C. Sunny Distinguished Service Professor, Department of Anthropology; Committee on Human Nutrition & Nutritional Biology, Morris Fishbein Center for the History of Science & Medicine, and the College; Committee on African & African-American Studies; Chairman, Department of Anthropology
JOHN L. COMAROFF, Harold H. Swift Distinguished Service Professor, Departments of Anthropology and Sociology and the College, Committee on African & African-American Studies
MICHAEL DIETLER, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology and the College
JAMES W. FERNANDEZ, Professor, Department of Anthropology and the College
RAYMOND D. FOGELSON, Professor, Departments of Anthropology and Psychology (Human Development) and the College
LESLIE G. FREEMAN, Professor, Department of Anthropology and the College
SUSAN GAL, Professor, Department of Anthropology and the College
JOHN D. KELLY, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology and the College
ALAN L. KOLATA, Professor, Department of Anthropology and the College; Director, Latin American Studies Center
MCKIM MARRIOTT, Professor, Department of Anthropology and the College
RALPH W. NICHOLAS, William Rainey Harper Professor, Department of Anthropology and the College; President, International House
ELIZABETH A. POVINELLI, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology and the College
MARSHALL D. SAHLINS, Charles F. Grey Distinguished Service Professor, Department of Anthropology and the College
MICHAEL SILVERSTEIN, Samuel N. Harper Professor, Departments of Anthropology, Linguistics, and Psychology (Cognition & Communication) and Committee on Analysis of Ideas & Study of Methods
RONALD SINGER, Robert R. Bensley Professor, Departments of Organismal Biology & Anatomy and Anthropology and Committee on Evolutionary Biology
GEORGE W. STOCKING, JR., Stein-Freiler Distinguished Service Professor, Department of Anthropology and Committee on the Conceptual Foundations of Science
TERENCE S. TURNER, Professor, Department of Anthropology and the College
RUSSELL H. TUTTLE, Professor, Department of Anthropology, Committee on Evolutionary Biology, Morris Fishbein Center for the History of Science and Medicine, and the College
VALERIO VALERI, Professor, Department of Anthropology and the College
Courses
The courses listed below include those on the 200-level, which are specifically intended for undergraduates, and on the 300-level, which are for advanced undergraduates and for graduates. Many of the department's other offerings at the 400- and 500-levels are also listed below and open to qualified undergraduates with consent of the instructor. Information about many course offerings was not available at the time this publication went to press. For more current information, students should consult the time schedule and course descriptions on the departmental bulletin board outside H 119, the quarterly Time Schedules, or the program chairman.
201/401. The Inca and Aztec States. PQ: Consent of instructor. This course is an intensive examination of the origins, structure, and meaning of two native states of the ancient Americas: the Inca and the Aztec. Lectures are framed around an examination of theories of state genesis, function, and transformation, with special reference to the economic, institutional, and symbolic bases of indigenous state development. The seminar is broadly comparative in perspective and considers the structural significance of institutional features that are either common to or unique expressions of these two Native American states. A. Kolata. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
202. Socio-Cultural Dynamics of Pre-Columbian Civilization (=Anthro 202, ArtH 184, LatAm 202). This course explores, in a comparative framework, the social and cultural dynamics of selected Pre-Columbian civilizations of Mesoamerica and the Andean region, including the Maya, Moche, Inca, and Aztec, among others. We focus on three themes related to social structure and cultural expression: social production and human-environment interaction, systems of representation and knowledge, and the nature of rulership and sovereignty. T. Cummins, A. Kolata. Winter.
208. Introduction to Prehistory. Class limited to twenty-five students. This course offers a critical overview of the methods and data available for reconstructing the prehistoric past, followed by a comprehensive account of cultural evolution from the initial emergence of human beings (broadly defined) four million or more years ago through the origins of civilization within the last few thousands of years. Staff. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
211. Classical Readings in Anthropology: Myth and Ritual. Some of the most durable concerns of cultural anthropology were shaped in the early literature dealing with the relationship between myths and rites. Authors considered include E. B. Tylor, W. Robertson Smith, J. G. Frazer, Emile Durkheim, Marcel Mauss, and Henri Hubert. R. Nicholas. Autumn.
211. Classical Readings in Anthropology: Caste in Colonial India. R. Nicholas. Winter.
211/360. Classical Readings in Anthropology: History of Archaeological Theory (=Anthro 211/360, HiPSS 235). PQ: Consent of instructor. This is a survey of the development of prehistoric archaeology from its inception to the present day. Special attention is paid to the development of theory. L. Freeman, R. Fogelson. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
211/447. Classical Readings in Anthropology: Marx (A Critical Overview of His Thought). A reading and interpretation of Marx's principal writings, emphasizing both the continuities and the changes from his earlier to his later works, with attention given to contemporary developments and controversies in Marxian scholarship. T. Turner. Spring.
212. Intensive Study of a Culture: Eastern Europe. This close study of an ethnographic region explores the current dramatic transformations in Eastern Europe after the Cold War, the meanings of nationalism in the region, everyday life under state socialism, how and why the "fall of Communism" occurred, current transnational migrations, the situation of ethnic and linguistic minorities, and the role of intellectuals in political life. S. Gal. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
212. Intensive Study of a Culture: Iroquois. This course offers an overview of Iroquois culture from its prehistoric backgrounds to the modern day. In addition to studying the basic data of Iroquois ethnology, the course examines how Europeans and anthropologists have viewed the Iroquois, as well as how the Iroquois view themselves and others. R. Fogelson. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
212. Intensive Study of a Culture: Belief and Symbol in Early Christian Spain. PQ: Reading knowledge of Spanish or medieval Latin helpful. An exploration of the history and meaning of symbolism in early Christian churches, concentrating on the rural Romanesque. The course examines the literary and pictorial sources of graphic symbolism and its larger cultural context, explores the significance of regional and hierarchical differences, studies the relationship between iconography and the advancing frontier of the Reconquest, and discusses new techniques for the analysis of relationships between symbols and the organization of symbol sequences and their significance. L. Freeman. Winter.
212. Intensive Study of a Culture: The Brazilian Amazon. This course deals with the Amazon and sustainable development. It focuses on international and Brazilian policies for the Amazon and on the involvement of traditional peoples in environmental issues. M. Carneiro da Cunha. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
212/321. Intensive Study of a Culture: Hindu. PQ: Third-year standing. May be taken for either 100 or 200 units of credit. Popular Hindu classics of astrology, biology, and sociology assume that people and their actions are made of ether, air, fire, water, and earth; and that they therefore seek advantage, attachment, coherence, place, viability, and the contraries of these. Students experiment with these assumptions through a simulation-game and compare their results with ethnographic descriptions of Hindu institutions and behavior. M. Marriott. Spring.
212/323. Intensive Study of a Culture/Ethnopsychology: Japan (=Anthro 212/323, SocSci 260). PQ: Third- or fourth-year standing. Class limited to twenty students. A Japanese social psychology contrasting with the Western is developed from Japanese perceptions of human affairs as defined by containers and energies. This science is then applied to specimens of Japanese behavior presented in ethnography, literature, and film. M. Marriott. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
212/333. Intensive Study of a Culture: The Kayapo of Central Brazil. The Kayapo are notorious for their successful resistance to Brazilian and internationally financed invasion and development of their territory. One of the main foci of this course is their resistance and accommodation to the shifting challenges of interethnic coexistence and the social and cultural transformations this has involved. The course examines Kayapo videos, as well as ethnographic films by non-Kayapo. The course also considers the internal dynamics of Kayapo society, including kinship, gender and generational relations, the body and personal identity, social values, political hierarchy and institutions, the organization of social production, ritual, myth, and cosmology. T. Turner. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
212/336. Intensive Study of a Culture: The Tswana, Past and Present (=AfAfAm 205, Anthro 212/336). This course describes and analyzes the sociocultural order of an African people during the precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial periods. J. Comaroff. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
212/406. Intensive Study of a Culture: Yoruba (=AfAfAm 204, Anthro 212/406). This course is a rigorous survey of kinship, politics, economics, and religion among the Yoruba of southwestern Nigeria, with special emphasis on ritual, gender, and colonialism. A. Apter. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
213. Modern Readings in Anthropology: Decolonization, New Nations, and Great Traditions. Seeking perspective on contemporary scholarship on nation-states, this course examines American anthropological research on nations and nationalism since World War II: the period of American global dominance. Why was the "new nations" project, energetic in the 1960s, followed by increasing regionalism and then, the 1980s by an explosion in "imagination" and "identity" theory? How does scholarship on nations connect to World War II, the Holocaust, decolonization, the rise and fall of the Cold War, the increasing gap between rich and poor, and contemporary economic and cultural globalization? Special attention is given to studies of South Asia and the Pacific. J. Kelly. Spring.
213. Modern Readings in Anthropology: Shamanism. The venerable topic of shamanism is explored in its original Siberian manifestations, North American variations, and extensions into Central and South America and elsewhere. The New Age and not-so-New Age interest in shamanism is also considered. R. Fogelson. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
213. Modern Readings in Anthropology: Holidays and Celebrations. R. Fogelson, K. Richman. Spring.
213. Modern Readings in Anthropology: Myth and Ritual. This course explores contemporary approaches to the interpretations of myths, rituals, and of the relations between them. Authors include Malinowski, Radcliffe-Brown, Kluckhohn, Douglas, Evans-Pritchard, Geertz, Leach, Lévi-Strauss, and Turner. R. Nicholas. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
213. Modern Readings in Anthropology: Sexism and Racism in Evolutionary Anthropology. This seminar discusses Donna Haraway's Primate Visions and the roots of "scientific" racism, sexism, and elitism in evolutionary anthropology, as evidenced in writings of Darwin, Huxley, Haeckel, Keith, Osborn, Hooton, Dart, Washburn, Coon, Dobzhansky, Yerkes, and Gould. The second half of the term treats works by female primatologists and animal rights advocates. R. Tuttle. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
213/303. Modern Readings in Anthropology: Gender Theory and Anthropology. This course examines gender as a cultural category in anthropological theory, as well as in everyday life. After reviewing the historical sources of the current concern with women, gender, and sexuality in anthropology and the other social sciences, we critically explore some key controversies, such as the relationship between production and reproduction in different sociocultural orders; the links between "public" and "private" in current theories of politics; the construction of sexualities, nationalities, and citizenship; and women and gender in postcolonial discourse. S. Gal. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
213/323. Modern Readings in Anthropology: Ethnopsychologies of Two Cultures (=Anthro 213/323, SocSci 257). PQ: Third- or fourth-year standing. This course develops alternative theories of psychological categories and relationships from modern ethnographies of two cultures where Western concepts are inappropriate. M. Marriott. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
213/361. Modern Readings in Anthropology: Hunters and Gatherers. The historical and theoretical significance of hunting and gathering societies in general is reviewed, followed by a selected survey of hunting and gathering peoples from the ethnographic literature. L. Freeman, R. Fogelson. Autumn.
213/453. Modern Readings in Anthropology: Explorations in Oral Narrative (The Folk Tale). Class limited to thirty-five students. This course studies the role of storytelling and narrativity in society and culture. Among these are a comparison of folk tale traditions; the shift from oral to literate traditions and the impact of writing; the principal schools of analysis of narrative structure and function; and the place of narrative in the disciplines: law, psychoanalysis, politics, history, philosophy, and anthropology. Story performance and contemporary storytelling in America are considered. J. Fernandez. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
214. The Practice of Anthropology. PQ: Class limited to twenty students. This course examines an intellectual biography of a selected significant figure (or figures) in the history of anthropology and studies his (her, their) writings, context, and influence as a specimen of the historical sociology of anthropological knowledge. Alternatively, the course may focus on a particular problem, theme, or period of anthropological inquiry, to the same end. There are readings, discussions, and lectures. The topic for autumn 1997 is American anthropology in the postwar period (1945 to 1970). G. Stocking. Autumn.
214/335. The Practice of Anthropology: Lévi-Strauss. Class limited to twenty students. This course discusses some fundamental topics in Lévi-Strauss's anthropology, namely, kinship, myth, and structure. Starting with alliance theory, it proceeds to examine the structural analysis of myths, its relationship to art, and the very notion of structure in Lévi-Strauss, relating it with models in other sciences that were its inspiration. M. Carneiro da Cunha. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
214/383. The Practice of Anthropology: Celebrity and Science in Paleoanthropology. This seminar explores the balance among research, show biz, big business, and politics in the careers of Louis, Mary, and Richard Leakey; Alan Walker; Donald Johanson; Jane Goodall; Dian Fossey; and Biruté Galdikas through films, taped interviews, autobiographies, biographies, pop publications, instructor's anecdotes, and samples of scientific writings. R. Tuttle. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
218/312. Trends in Amazonian Ethnology. Class limited to twenty students. This course discusses some paradigmatic monographs on Lowland South American Indians. M. Carneiro da Cunha. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
220/355. The Anthropology of Development. This course applies anthropological understanding to development programs in "underdeveloped" societies through case studies of food production, nutrition, and health care practices. We pay special attention to the role and impact of indigenous and anthropological concepts in development projects. Topics include development within the world system, the role of national and international development agencies, the cultural construction of well-being and deprivation, the impact of world market mechanisms and consumerism on underdevelopment, local resistance and engagement in development, the politics of underdevelopment, and future development. A. Kolata, J. Fernandez, R. Fernandez. Spring.
228. Diasporas: Asian Migration in the Modern World. The United States is known as the land of immigrants. Yet today immigration policy is a controversial issue as established immigrant groups seek to limit who is entitled to citizenship and who is entitled to work. This lecture/discussion course explores the thorny problems of migration, citizenship, and multiculturalism through the lens of Asians in the new face of America. The focus is on the formation of subcultures and subnationalities and on the discourses of freedom that connect India, South Africa, the Caribbean and the United States. The conditions of migration and its experience are explored through historical writing, novels, film, and the popular media. C. Breckenridge. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
236/316. International Relations: Cultures, Societies, and Globalization (=Anthro 236/316, PolSci 295, SocSci 205). PQ: Class limited to sixty students; preference given to students of third- or fourth-year standing. PolSci 294 strongly recommended. This course brings together interested faculty and students to explore alternative research strategies for investigating conflict and cooperation. In contrast to a state-centered approach, this course emphasizes transnational and subnational processes, including issues of boundary designation, identity formation, nationalism, the role of communications, and the future of the interstate system. S. Randolph. Winter.
237/337. Capitalism, Colonialism, and Nationalism in the Pacific. This course compares colonial capitalist projects and their dialogic transformations up to present political dilemmas, with special attention given to Fiji, New Zealand, and Hawaii. We also focus on the labor diaspora, the fates of indigenous polities, and tensions in contemporary citizenship. General propositions about nationalism, "late" capitalism, global cultural flows, and postcolonial subject positions are juxtaposed with contemporary Pacific conflicts. J. Kelly. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
243/403. Medicine and Culture (=Anthro 243/403, HiPSS 273). Class limited to fifty students. This course examines diverse systems of thought and practice concerning health, illness, and the management of the body and person in everyday and ritual contexts. We seek to develop a framework for studying the cultural and historical constitution of healing practices, especially the evolution of Western biomedicine. J. Comaroff. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
244. Image and Fetish. This course discusses issues arising from visual representation, such as the role of image and iconography as a system. Examples are taken from diverse cultural contexts. M. Carneiro da Cunha. Autumn.
245/405. Indigenous Rights: Australia and Brazil. A comparative course on indigenous rights in Brazil and Australia, their history, and the major sources of conflicts. E. Povinelli, M. Carneiro da Cunha. Spring.
247/347. Political Anthropology. This course is an exploration of major theoretical approaches to the study of political institutions, structures, and processes in different societies, with special reference to the nature of power, the role of symbolism and ideology in politics, and images of the state. J. L. Comaroff. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
251/451. Anthropology of the Body. This course explores a range of texts, both classic and more recent, that treat the body as the subject and object of social processes. Introductory lectures are followed by student presentations, the goal being to ground theoretical inquiry in ethnographic and historical materials. J. Comaroff. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
254/354. Knowledge and Power. A very large, boundary-crossing literature has developed around searches for general insights into relations between knowledge and power. This course is an introduction to some recent (and not so recent) scholarly debates about rationality and hegemony, about discourse, disciplines, dialogics, and authority, and about the (non)uniqueness of modernity, postmodernity, and science. While designed to engage theoretical literature about knowledge and power from several disciplines the course gives special attention to ethnographic contributions and appropriations of them in these debates, and to possible ethnographic projects raised by new questions. J. Kelly. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
259. South Asia Before the Buddha. This course addresses some major issues of anthropology and history through the experience of the prehistory and early history of South Asia. These include the reasons for and the consequences of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture, the inception of social inequality and stratification, the transition to urbanism and the development of supraregional polities, and the institutionalization of religious traditions. Although the archaeological record of South Asia spans more than a million years, we examine the Holocene, or last ten thousand years. We focus on the area now contained by the countries of India and Pakistan, but students may examine other parts of South Asia. The course ends with the Early Historic period, the time of early Buddhism. K. Morrison. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
260/460. Mesoamerican Archeology. The prehistoric native cultures of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and Honduras are introduced using a framework of environmental analysis and cultural evolutionary theory. The course traces the development of aboriginal societies from the earliest settlements in the late Pleistocene until the Spanish conquest. Survey focuses include the Olmec, the Maya, Teotihuacan, the Toltec, and the Aztec. A. Kolata. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
261/465. Ancient Celtic Societies. This course explores the prehistoric societies of Iron Age "Celtic" Europe and their relationship to modern communities claiming Celtic ancestry. The course aims to impart an understanding of (1) the kinds of evidence available for investigating these ancient societies and how archaeologists interpret these data, (2) processes of change in culture and society during the Iron Age, and (3) how the legacy of Celtic societies has both persisted and been reinvented and manipulated in the modern world. Issues include the relationship between language, material culture, and society; colonial interaction; urbanization; art and religion; gender roles; and cultural identity and the construction of tradition. M. Dietler. Autumn.
262/462. Approaches to the Past. Drawing heavily on evidence from Old World prehistory, this course considers the variety of approaches to the analysis of archaeological data, illustrating each with examples derived from the reports of archaeological excavations. It prepares the student to evaluate reconstructions of lifeways to be found in archaeological literature. L. Freeman. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
263/363. Andean Prehistory. This course is an in-depth examination of selected pre-Hispanic Andean societies and their evolution. It is not an exhaustive survey of South American prehistory. Rather, emphasis is placed on the formulation of general theoretical cultural models for Andean societies and their evolution through a series of empirical case studies. The central role of ethnohistorical research in understanding the dynamics and institutional bases of indigenous Andean civilization is a recurrent theme during the course. A. Kolata. Spring.
264/463. Artifact Typology and Technology. This course provides an introduction to the principles of stone artifact classification, using both qualitative and quantitative methods and involving firsthand contact with actual Paleolithic specimens. L. Freeman. Autumn.
266. Summer Prehistory Field School in Spain. PQ: Must be taken together with Anthro 287 and 288 for a total of 300 units. Prior training not required. Knowledge of Spanish helpful. Students participate in the excavation of an important Paleolithic site, the Magdalenian Cave of El Juyo, located on Spain's Cantabrian Coast. The field school provides students an overview of the present state of knowledge about humanity's remote prehistoric past and introduces them to the latest techniques for the recovery and analysis of the durable remains of human behavior from the Old Stone Age. Theoretical classes and seminars are combined with practical site experience. L. Freeman. Summer.
267/464. Prehistoric Art. This course covers data, techniques of analysis, and interpretive theories. L. Freeman. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
268/368. Function and Style in Material Culture. This course introduces the technologies of preindustrial peoples and the various levels of meaning (social and ideological as well as technological) of artifacts. L. Freeman. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
269/469. Archaeological Data Analysis. This course introduces the use of statistical procedures and the computer in the analysis of archaeological data. L. Freeman. Winter.
270-1,-2,-3/370-1,-2,-3. Introduction to Linguistics I, II, III (=Anthro 270-1,-2-3/370-1,-2,-3, Ling 201-202-203/301-302-303, SocSci 217-218-219). PQ: Must be taken in sequence. This course is an introductory survey of methods, findings, and problems in areas of major interest within linguistics and of the relationship of linguistics to other disciplines. Topics include the biological basis of language, basic notions of syntax, semantics, pragmatics, basic syntactic typology of language, phonetics, phonology, morphology, language acquisition, linguistic variation, and linguistic change. A. Dahlstrom, Autumn; Staff, Winter; K. Kazazis, Spring.
271. Sociolinguistic Perspectives on American English (=Anthro 271, Ling 268). This course explores the emergence of the American English linguistic community within the context of North American and more global English-centered speech communities. Topics include American culture and the American culture of language, as well as the dynamic intersections of institutional forces that have shaped, and are currently shaping, American English discursive practices and linguistic structure. M. Silverstein. Spring.
272. Language in Culture and Society. This course is an intensive introduction to the study of language as communicative practice. Topics include linguistic structure, its relation to other sign systems, speech acts, approaches to "context," varieties of interaction, and elements of a practice approach. M. Silverstein. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
273. Language, Voice, and Gender. The role of language (as structure, as text, and as discursive practice) is considered in the sociocultural construction of gender as an aspect of social identity. A variety of scholarly and popular works is discussed in a cross-cultural framework of comparison, with a view to locating the cultural processes in specific cases. M. Silverstein. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
274. Language, Power, and Identity in Southeastern Europe: A Linguistic View of the Balkan Crisis (=Anthro 274, Russ 230/330, Hum 274, LngLin 230). Language is a key issue in the articulation of ethnicity and the struggle for power in southeastern Europe. This course familiarizes students with the linguistic histories and structures that have served as bases for the formation of modern Balkan ethnic identities and that are being manipulated to shape current and future events. The course is informed by the instructor's twenty years of linguistic fieldwork in the Balkans, as well as his experience as an adviser for the United Nations Protection Forces in the former Yugoslavia. V. Friedman. Autumn.
275/475-1,-2,-3. Modern Spoken Quiché Maya I, II, III (=Anthro 275/475-1,-2,-3, LngLin 278/478). Introduction to the spoken language with tapes and transcriptions, grammatical notes and exercises, aural comprehension, and oral practice. N. McQuown. Autumn, Winter, Spring.
278. Culture and Cognition: Linguistic Relativity (=Anthro 278, Ling 270). PQ: Knowledge of linguistics or cognitive studies helpful. Understanding language both as a systematic representation of the thinkable and as a systematic way of inhabiting a universe of social action, we review the ways modern social and cognitive scientists have dealt with the implications of the formal variability of language. We consider both cross-linguistic, cross-societal implications, and the significance of register-based social variability of language within linguistic communities. M. Silverstein. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
279/479-1,-2,-3. Modern Spoken Yucatec Maya I, II, III. This class introduces the spoken language with tapes and transcriptions, grammatical notes and exercises, aural comprehension, and oral practice. N. McQuown. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 2000-2001.
280/366. Health and Demography in Archaeological Perspective. This course is a critical examination of the theoretical and methodological basis of demographic and biocultural inferences in archaeology. In the first half of the quarter we consider the sources of evidence and the analytical strategies employed by archaeologists and biological anthropologists to inform on human health status and population dynamics in the past. During the second half of the course we explore the conjunction of these varied lines of evidence in relation to specific research problems, including the long-term consequences of domestication, urbanization, and expanding exchange networks. M. Lycett. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
282/387. Archaeology of the Spanish Borderlands. Drawing on archaeological and ethnohistorical data, this course examines colonial and indigenous societies and their articulations on the northern periphery of New Spain between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries A.D. Although the scope of this course is geographically broad, including northern Mesoamerica and Spanish North America, its focus is topical and selective rather than chronological and exhaustive. We explore the ways European contact and colonization created new and locally variable social and ecological relationships that shaped both indigenous and colonial societies in these regions. M. Lycett. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
287. Field Methods in Paleolithic Prehistory. PQ: Must be taken together with Anthro 266 and 288 for a total of 300 units. Part of the Summer Field School in Spanish Prehistory: modern techniques of excavation, data recovery, and recording in the field. L. Freeman. Summer.
288. Management and Analysis of Archaeological Data. PQ: Must be taken together with Anthro 266 and 287 for a total of 300 units. Part of the Summer Field School in Spanish Prehistory, this course focuses on theory and practice of manipulation of archeological data, including the management of inventory through computerized data bases and quantitative and graphic methods of analysis. L. Freeman. Summer.
290. Preparation of Bachelor's Essay. PQ: Consent of instructor and program chairman. Students are required to submit the College Reading and Research Course Form. At the discretion of the instructor, this course is available for either Pass or letter grading. For honors requirements, see honors section under Program Requirements. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.
291/391. Archaeobotanical Analysis. This class introduces the theory, method, and technique of a range of archaeobotanical analyses. We discuss field methods in archaeobotany, sampling, presentation, and interpretation of data; and specific applications such as crop processing studies, vegetation reconstruction, and fire history. Students combine written work with lab exercises in macrobotanical (seeds and wood) and microbotanical (pollen and charcoal) analysis. K. Morrison. Winter.
292/392. The Archaeology of Place. Archaeological practice centers on the study of sites, locations subject to human modification in the past. In this course we critically discuss the conceptual and methodological underpinning of the notion "site," and examine the methods by which archaeologists make inferences about ancient places from contemporary material records. In particular, we consider site structural approaches to architectural form, the analysis of built environments, and the articulation between the occupational history of place and the culturally organized structure of landscapes. M. Lycett. Winter.
299. Readings in Anthropology. PQ: Consent of instructor and program chairman. Students are required to submit the College Reading and Research Course Form. At the discretion of the instructor, this course is available for either Pass or letter grading. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.
300. Culture I: The Nature of Culture. PQ: Third- or fourth-year standing. May be taken in sequence or individually. This is the first of a three-quarter sequence on the nature and varieties of culture. Culture I considers academic theories of culture and their sources in Western philosophies of humanity and society. M. Sahlins. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
301. Culture II: Varieties of Cultural Order. PQ: Third- or fourth-year standing. May be taken in sequence or individually. This is the second of a three-quarter sequence on the nature and varieties of culture. Culture II is concerned with classical anthropological depictions of cultural differences; that is, from the early modern period or the so-called ethnological present. M. Sahlins. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
302. Culture III: Cultural Change and Contemporary Ethnography. PQ: Third- or fourth-year standing. May be taken in sequence or individually. This is the third of a three-quarter sequence on the nature and varieties of culture. Culture III is a discussion of cultural change in general and in the context of modern world history. M. Sahlins. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
305. Global Issues in Health and Environment (=Anthro 305, SoAsia 311). The twenty-first century inherits global threats of infection, disease, and environmental degradation. In this course, we examine issues on health and the environment. How might minority rights and democratic forms conflict with the interests of the state and transnational corporations? How might debates on health address the environmental reach of global capital? When does environmental criticism affect matters of race, sexuality, and gender? What constitutes "public" regulation of health and community in the era of globalization? How do environmental and health activists press us to reconstitute categories for understanding justice, agency, and power? We seek to understand global changes in historical, as well as contemporary, perspectives. C. Breckenridge. Spring.
306-1,-2,-3. Introduction to African Civilization I, II, III (=Anthro 306-1, -2, -3, SocSci 225-226-227; LL/Soc 266=Anthro 306-1, SocSci 225). This course sequence fulfills the Common Core requirement in civilizational studies. This course presents the political, economic, social, and cultural development of sub-Saharan African communities and states from a variety of points from the precolonial past up to the present. The autumn quarter treats the social organization and political economy of several precolonial societies in southern, central, and eastern Africa. The winter quarter addresses issues of cosmology, healing, and ritual in some of these same societies during precolonial and modern times. The spring quarter deals with politics, economic development, and nationalist movements and the problems of postcolonial identity. J. L. Comaroff, Autumn; A. Apter, Winter; R. Austen, Spring.
307-1,-2,-3. Introduction to Latin American Civilization I, II, III. This sequence fulfills the Common Core requirement in civilizational studies. May be taken in sequence or individually. This three-quarter course sequence introduces students to the history and cultures of Latin America, including Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean islands. The autumn quarter examines the origins of civilizations in Latin America with a focus on the political, social, and cultural features of the major pre-Columbian civilizations of the Maya, Inca, and Aztec. The quarter concludes with consideration of the Spanish and Portuguese conquest and the construction of colonial societies in Latin America. The winter quarter addresses the evolution of colonial societies, the wars of independence, and the emergence of Latin American nation-states in the changing international context of the nineteenth century. The spring quarter focuses on the twentieth century, with a special emphasis on the challenges of economic, political, and social development in the region. A. Kolata, Autumn; C. Lomnitz, Winter; F. Katz, Spring.
308-1,-2,-3. Introduction to the Civilization of South Asia I, II, III (=Anthro 308-1,-2,-3; SoAsia 200-201-202; SocSci 230-231-232). PQ: Must be taken in sequence. This course fulfills the Common Core requirement in civilizational studies. Using a variety of disciplinary approaches, this sequence seeks to familiarize students with some of the important textual, institutional, and historical ideas and experiences that have constituted "civilization" in South Asia. Topics in the autumn quarter include European and American representations of South Asia; its place in world history as a "Third World" or "underdeveloped" country; Gandhi and Nehru's visions of modernity; India's recent repositioning in the global economy as a consumer society; and its popular village movements. Topics in the winter quarter include urban and rural ways of life and the place of film and television in cultural life. The spring quarter looks at politics and gender in the postcolonial period. R. Inden, Staff, Autumn, Winter; C. Breckenridge, Staff, Spring.
311. Mauss and the Three Graces. Mauss is famous for having formulated the three obligations which constitute the gift. But this formulation is no innovation; it goes back to classical antiquity and was commonplace in the not so remote time when boys and girls still read Seneca in school. The theme of the three rules of the gift is closely associated with the iconological topos of the three Graces. It was the main idea behind the most famous pictorial commission of the Medici, whose political motives and effects are discussed. We also contrast the hidden association to Mauss with these three Graces from the groves of Parnassus to his often reluctant posthumous association with three modern Graces from the groves of academia. V. Valeri. Autumn.
312. Imperial Culture of India and Africa. PQ: Third- or fourth-year standing. Consent of instructor. Examining the historical relations between the British metropole and its imperial possessions in India and Africa, the course focuses on the politics of ritual, spectacle, and the colonial sciences. Students are expected to analyze primary documents in light of theoretical issues raised in class. A. Apter, B. Cohn. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
313-3. The African Diaspora: Rethinking the African Diaspora (=AfAfAm 203, Anthro 313-3). This course focuses on the "African" experience in the New World, particularly in Brazil, Haiti, Cuba, Trinidad, and North America. Themes of acculturation, syncretism, adaptation, and resistance in the classic diaspora literature are critically reevaluated in light of current issues in cultural studies: hegemony and the politics of African identity, the symbolic construction (and deconstruction) of "origins;" the rhetoric of racial and sexual difference; black nationalist ideologies; and the material conditions of imagined communities. A. Apter. Spring.
313. The African Diaspora: Colonial Society (South Africa and the Caribbean). This course deals with the formation of colonial societies in the Caribbean and southern Africa, concentrating on the way in which Africans and people of African descent became a part of complex multiracial societies with new forms of culture and social life, sometimes called "creole." Particular attention is paid to the governmental institutions, racial hierarchies, and cultures of domination and resistance characteristic of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. J.L. Comaroff, Staff. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
314. Negative Moralities. Negation and affirmation are logically symmetrical and allow us to generate reversible and thus equivalent statements of rules. Pragmatically and ideologically, however, there is no equivalence. This course compares moral systems or subsystems that stress negative formulations with those that stress positive formulations. We focus on moralities of virtue, taboo, and shame. The paradigmatic ethnographic example on taboo and shame are provided by the Huaulu of Eastern Indonesia. V. Valeri. Winter.
315. Ideology, Culture, and Sexuality. This course examines the cultural politics of identity and difference in the United States and Australia. Through a comparative analysis, the course seeks to demonstrate both the particularities of identity politics, including their specific national and (post) colonial contexts, and the global and transnational economic conditions and discourses in which they are situated and emerge. Special attention is paid to the differing challenges and problems that racial and sexual social movements and indigenous and ethno-nationalisms pose to current constructions of nationalism. Topics are explored through theoretical, ethnographic, popular, and film and video texts. E. Povinelli. Spring.
318. Religious Movements of Native North America. R. Fogelson. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
320. Topics on Native America: Federal Indian Law. A. Straus. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
320. Topics on Native America: Indians in the Cities. A. Straus. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
321. Ethnosociology: Hindu (=Anthro 321, SocSci 256). PQ: Third-year standing. May be taken for 100 units, or with SocSci 256 for a total of 200 units. Continuing the discussions of materials in Anthro 212, this course compares additional texts and recent ethnographies with the aim of developing social sciences appropriate for South Asia. M. Marriott. Spring.
323. Ethnopsychology: Hindu (=Anthro 323, SocSci 257). PQ: Previous or concurrent registration in Anthro 321. Students develop psychological concepts from the social realities assumed, perceived, and acted upon by Indians of various perspectives and faiths. They apply their concepts to analyze specimens of experience and behavior from recent ethnographies, biographies, and works of fiction dealing with family life. M. Marriott. Spring.
325. Formal Modeling in Anthropology. PQ: Consent of instructor. Concepts drawn from mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, biology, and sociology are used to model cultural descriptions of age, caste, class, kinship, power, prestations, and sports, especially materials with ranked properties. M. Marriott. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
326. Anthropology of Europe. PQ: Third- or fourth-year standing. Ethnographic monographs are discussed in reference to the problem of the unity and diversity of the cultures of Western and Central Europe, the problem of a European matrix culture as seen in rural family structures and folklore, the emergence of estates and classes, a political economy of rural/urban confrontation and exploitation, and the contemporary problem of an emergent European community. Each year a comparison of monographs from two regions is emphasized. J. Fernandez. Spring.
327. Spain, Greece, and the Mediterranean. PQ: Third- or fourth-year standing. A comparison of the now extensive ethnographies of community life in Spain and Greece, with an interest in identifying unity and diversity in kinship and inheritance structures, in economic organization, and in religious practices. Spain's and Greece's places in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean are examined by reference to anthropological studies in Portugal, Italy, and North Africa. J. Fernandez. Spring.
331-1,-2. North American Indians I, II. PQ: Consent of instructor. Must be taken in sequence. This course is a comprehensive review of Native American cultural history, including consideration of intellectual context, prehistory, ethnology, history, and the contemporary situation. The last half of the third quarter is devoted to a mutually agreed-on topic in which students pursue individual research, the results of which are presented in seminar format. R. Fogelson. Autumn, Winter.
334. Narrative and Experimental Ethnography. PQ: Third- or fourth-year standing with consent of instructor. This is a study of ethnography as a problem of narration and emplotment, based on the study of the ethnographies written recently under the epistemological and methodological pressures of phenomenology, critical theory, interpretivism, and particularly, postmodernism. We consider the reflective attempts by anthropologists to better render the field experience, the use of rhetorical devices and image evocation in ethnography, attempts at expanding emotional range in the ethnographic sensorium, the gendering of the experience of the "other," dialogic engagement with the "other," and the "politics of self/other representation." J. Fernandez. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
339. Fiji. PQ: Third- or fourth-year standing. This course analyzes Fijian cultural orders and their early modern history with a theoretical emphasis on anthropological modes of historical interpretation. Particular topics vary year to year, but all are considered from the general theoretical perspective of the relations among events, individual agents, and cultural order. M. Sahlins. Spring.
343. Psychological Anthropology: Historical Perspectives on Psychological Anthropology (=Anthro 343, HumDev 342). This course considers the logical status of psychological anthropology as an anthropological discipline. Attention is paid to the "prehistoric" roots of psychological discipline, as well as the influence of psychoanalysis on anthropology. The "culture and personality" movement is evaluated as a movement. The course concludes with a discussion of trends and trending in modern psychological anthropology. R. Fogelson. Spring.
344-1,-2. Primitive Religion I, II (=Anthro 344-1, -2, HumDev 335-1,-2). PQ: Consent of instructor. Must be taken in sequence. A theoretical and substantive survey of the religions of "primitive" peoples. Topics include the notion of primitivism, a history of the anthropological study of religion, minimal definitions of religion, religious experience, dreams, myths, ritual, divination, theories of magic, shamanism, curing, conceptions of power, and dynamics of religious change. R. Fogelson. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
357-1,-2. Introduction to Homeric Greek: Language and Culture (=Anthro 357-1, -2, SocTh 421). Introduction to Homeric Greek grammar and poetics with attendant discussion of cultural patterns. P. Friedrich, J. Redfield. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
358-1,-2. Culture, Poetics, Character: Homer's Odyssey I, II (=Anthro 358-1,-2, SocTh 304). PQ: Knowledge of Greek helpful but not required. Intensive study of one book per week in terms of ethnography, poetics, mythology, and the study of character; some reference to secondary literature (for example, Finley) and subsequent variants of the these (for example, Tennyson). Some attention is given to major alternative translations. P. Friedrich. Autumn, Winter.
359. Culture, Poetics, and Character: Brothers Karamazov. P. Friedrich. Spring.
362. Ceramic Analysis for Archaeologists. PQ: Consent of instructor. This course introduces students to the theoretical foundations and analytical techniques that allow archaeologists to use ceramics to make inferences about ancient societies. Ethnographic, experimental, and physical science approaches are explored to develop a realistic, integrated understanding of the nature of ceramics as a form of material culture and to asses both the kinds of interpretations of ancient people that can plausibly be made on the basis of their pottery and which techniques and research strategies may best serve to obtain useful information. Practical training in the use of the Ceramic Laboratories is included M. Dietler. Spring.
364. Archaeological Field Studies: Southwestern Archaeology. PQ: Must be taken together with Anthro 365. Consent of instructor. Class limited to sixteen students. Students participate directly in an ongoing scientific research project while pursuing studies in archaeological theory, method, and data collection. These courses are set in the context of a long-term research project investigating the organization and transformation of indigenous and colonial societies in the late prehistoric and early historic Middle Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico. Current archaeological, historical, and paleo-environmental research in the North American Southwest and beyond are introduced through direct field experience and evening seminars and lectures. M. Lycett. Summer.
365. Archaeological Field Studies: Design and Method. PQ: Must be taken together with Anthro 364. Consent of instructor. Class limited to sixteen students. This course provides practical experience in the design and implementation of archaeological field work and basic laboratory procedures and an introduction to the analysis of chipped stone, ceramic, floral, and faunal materials recovered from archaeological contexts. Through field and lab work, students do archaeological research, including surface documentation, transit mapping, excavation, artifact processing, and preliminary artifact analysis. They may pursue a directed research project under the guidance of the instructor. M. Lycett. Summer.
369. Commerce and Culture: The Indian Ocean Trade in Archaeological Perspective. The Indian Ocean has been host to extensive networks of exchange and cultural interaction for at least the last 2,000 years. In this course we focus primarily on the South Asian subcontinent, but also consider its relationships with the Mediterranean, East Africa, the Arabian peninsula, and the island of Southeast Asia. We follow several strands of economic and social/political change from the period of the "second urbanization" of the Early Historic up to the sixteenth century A.D. We focus on archaeological data and its relation to other sources of information. K. Morrison. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
372-1,-2. Language in Culture I, II (=Anthro 372-1, -2, Ling 311-312, Psych 470-471). PQ: Consent of instructor. Must be taken in sequence. This two-quarter course presents the major issues in linguistics of anthropological interest, including, in the first half, the formal structure of semiotic systems, the ethnographically crucial incorporation of linguistic forms into cultural systems, and the methods for empirical investigation of "functional" semiotic structure and history. The second half of the sequence takes up basic concepts in sociolinguistics and their critique, linguistic analysis of publics, performance and ritual, and language ideologies, among other topics. M. Silverstein, Winter; S. Gal, Spring.
373. Phonology I (=Anthro 373, Ling 208/308). PQ: Ling 201, 202, 203, 206, or equivalent. This is an introduction to general principles of phonology, with emphasis on nongenerative theory. Staff. Autumn.
374. Morphology and Syntax (=Anthro 374, Ling 210/310). PQ: Anthro 373. This course deals with linguistic structure and patterning beyond the phonological level, primarily from a structuralist point of view. It concentrates on analysis of grammatical and formal oppositions and their structural relationships and interrelationships. H. Aronson. Spring.
376. Phonology II (=Anthro 376, Ling 209/309). PQ: Anthro 373. The principles of generative phonology are introduced and studied in detail, emphasizing the role of formalism and abstractness in phonological analysis. The emphasis is on the Sound Pattern of English theory, with brief discussion of more recent autosegmental and metrical models. Staff. Winter.
377. Phonetics (=Anthro 377, Ling 206/306). PQ: Ling 201, 202, 203, or consent of instructor. This is an introduction to the study of speech sounds. Speech sounds are described with respect to their articulatory, acoustic, and perceptual structures. There are lab exercises both in phonetic transcription and in the acoustic analysis of speech sounds. K. Landahl. Autumn.
378-379. Syntax I, II (=Anthro 378-9, Ling 204-205/304-305). PQ: Ling 201, 202, 203, or equivalent. Must be taken in sequence. This two-quarter sequence is devoted to detailed study of the major syntactic phenomena of English, combined with exposition and critical evaluation of the principal accounts of phenomena proposed by transformational grammarians and the theoretical frameworks within which those accounts are developed. Class discussion focuses on ideas advanced in or arising out of transformational grammar with regard to the relation between syntax and semantics and the psychological status of linguistic analyses. Staff. Autumn, Winter.
381. Evolution of the Hominoidea (=Anthro 381, EvBiol 381). PQ: Third- or fourth-year standing; consent of instructor. This course carries 200 units of credit. A detailed consideration of the fossil record and the phylogeny of Hominidae and collateral taxa of the Hominoidea is based upon studies of casts and comparative primate osteology. R. Tuttle. Spring.
382. Comparative Primate Morphology (=Anthro 382, EvBiol 382). PQ: Consent of instructor. This course carries 200 units of credit. Functional morphology of locomotor, alimentary, reproductive, and special sensory systems in primates is studied. Dissections are performed on monkeys and apes. R. Tuttle. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
384. History and Theory of Human Evolution (=Anthro 384, EvBiol 384, HiPSS 236). PQ: Third- or fourth-year standing. This proseminar is based on the classic theoretic writings, autobiographies, and biographies of Darwin, Huxley, Haekel, Keith, Osborn, Jones, Gregory, Morton, Broom, Black, Dart, Weidenreich, Robinson, Leakey, LeGros-Clark, Schultz, Straus, Hooton, Washburn, Coon, Dobzhansky, Simpson, and Gould. R. Tuttle. Winter.
386. Apes and Human Evolution (=Anthro 386, EvBiol 386, HiPSS 237). This course is a critical examination of the ways in which data on the behavior and morphology of apes have been used to elucidate human evolution, with particular emphasis on bipedalism, hunting, meat eating, food sharing, tool behavior, intelligence, language, self-awareness, and sociability. Labs include trips to local zoological gardens and the Field Museum of Natural History, films, and demonstrations of casts of fossils, skeletons, and anthropoid dissections. R. Tuttle. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
390. Theory and Method in Archaeology. PQ: Consent of instructors. This course carries 200 units of credit. In this course, we critically examine the role of method and theory in the development of contemporary archaeology. Theory provides both a conceptual framework for inquiry and informs the means by which we use our data to make inferences about the past. The forms this theory takes and the ways theory guides method are the subject of this course. Discussion is organized around the historical development of theoretical positions and examples of research that have exemplified or challenged existing theoretical and methodological standards. K. Morrison, M. Lycett. Spring.
407. Ethnography of South Asia: Social Organization. PQ: Consent of instructor. Advanced readings and discussions of local, regional, and topical ethnographies. M. Marriott. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
411. Seminar: Ethnography of Central and Eastern Europe. PQ: Consent of instructor. This seminar reads a series of classic and recent ethnographic studies of populations in the following countries: Germany, Austria, Poland, Hungary, Rumania, parts of the former Yugoslavia, and parts of the former Soviet Union. We examine how a range of communisms worked "on the ground," as well as the range of "transitions." Possible questions include the cold war as the context of anthropological studies of Europe; theorizing Communism; the issue of "nationalism"; "embourgeoisment" and "underdevelopment"; the imagination of democracy, citizenship, and civil society; and money and the culture of commodities. S. Gal. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
412. Comparative Poetry and Poetics (=Anthro 412, SocTh 327). PQ: Consent of instructor. This course includes fundamentals of poetic language and poetry: the music of language, theory of figures, the mythological basis, linguistic relativism, sociopolitical context, and the moral intentions of the poet. Russian, Eskimo, T'ang Chinese, and modern American examples are considered. P. Friedrich. Spring.
414. Metaphor Theory in Anthropology. PQ: Third- or fourth-year standing. This course is a study of the "play of tropes" (metaphor, metonym, synecdoche, irony, and so on) in social life, the emplotment of social action, and the constructions of the cultural imagination. The principal theories, from Vico to contemporary anthropologists, are reviewed. J. Fernandez. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
423-1,-2. Comparative Agricultural Systems I, II. PQ: Consent of instructor. Must be taken in sequence. This course provides an introduction to the substantive data, theoretical arguments, and methodological approaches for the analysis of temperate and tropical agricultural systems in a comparative and historical framework. The ecological aspects of various crops and cropping systems are explored, and the anthropological, environmental, and developmental implications of these systems are examined. An intensive analysis is made of temperate and tropical agricultural systems in a comparative and historical framework. A. Kolata. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
427. Blood and Money. PQ: Consent of instructor. Two generalized symbolic media (blood and money) are considered for their equivalences, contrasts, and interactions in a variety of societies, with particular emphasis on the Huaulu of Seram and modern European culture. Issues of exchange, value, pollution, and power are addressed. V. Valeri. Winter.
440. Ethnography and State Cultures: Mexico and India. PQ: Consent of instructors. This is a graduate colloquium that has as its principle aim to explore the general contours of an "archive" for the study of state cultures in India and Mexico. We focus on such areas of state knowledge and institution building as population, political representation, education, and public administration. We plan to explore the pertinent secondary literature on state culture in India and Mexico and specific state documents that can help us open up the topic of state cultures for student research. A. Appadurai, C. Lomnitz. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
448. Contextualization of Anthropological Knowledge. PQ: Consent of instructor before the first class meeting, preferably by the end of the preceding quarter. Class limited to ten students. This course attempts to place anthropological knowledge in broader contexts (historical, social, cultural, ideological, institutional, disciplinary, discursive, and so on), usually by focusing on a particular theme and following its development from the eighteenth century to the present. The specific topic varies from year to year. Recent themes have included boundary formation, colonial context, cultural comparison and cultural critique, and ethnographic method. G. Stocking. Spring.
461. Archaeology and the Politics of the Past. PQ: Consent of instructor. This seminar explores the use of the ancient past as a symbolic resource by modern communities and the social situation and responsibilities of archaeologists in this process. Case studies are used to show how archaeology has been implicated in the politically charged construction of ethnic and regional identities and nationalist and colonialist mythologies in modern history. Debates about the authority of competing interpretations of archaeological evidence, the right to control public representations of the past, and the ownership of archaeological materials and sites are discussed. M. Dietler. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
466. Economic Archaeology. PQ: Consent of instructor. This course provides a grounding in the methods, issues, and theoretical framework for the analysis of ancient economic systems, as well as a comparative perspective on the role of economy in society and history. The relationship of economic archaeology to the subfields of economic anthropology and economic history, its special methodological and theoretical problems, and its potential contribution are explored. M. Dietler. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
467. Colonial Landscapes in the Ancient Western Mediterranean. PQ: Consent of instructor; reading knowledge of French, Italian, or Spanish helpful. This seminar combines a theoretical introduction to the anthropological study of ancient cultural landscapes with a comparative investigation of landscape transformations in evolving colonial situations in different parts of the ancient Western Mediterranean. Topics include the cultural economy of place and space; the build environment, habits and social practice; monumentality, memory, and ritual; networks of communication; cadasters and the agrarian landscape; and landscape and the inscription of colonial hegemony. M. Dietler. Autumn.
468. Ethnoarchaeology and Material Culture. PQ: Consent of instructor. This seminar explores the theoretical contributions and research methods of the subfield of anthropology that aids archaeological interpretation by undertaking ethnographic research emphasizing the social understanding of material culture. Case studies and readings in material culture theory are critically examined with the goal of developing an ethnographically informed approach to the relationship between material and nonmaterial dimensions of human life and the process of archaeological inference. Techniques and strategies for ethnoarchaeological fieldwork are also explained and evaluated. M. Dietler. Spring.
473. Historical Linguistics (=Anthro 473, Ling 213/313). PQ: Anthro 373, 376, 377, or consent of instructor. This course concerns linguistic change and variation and the theory and practice of genetic comparison and reconstruction. K. Kazazis. Autumn.
481. Advanced Problems in Paleoanthropology (=Anthro 481, EvBiol 481). This course includes tutorial museum, laboratory, and field studies on the hominoid fossil record and contextual information relevant to its interpretation. R. Tuttle. Autumn, Winter, Spring.
485. Advanced Problems in Primate Locomotion and Comparative Morphology (=Anthro 485, EvBiol 485). This course is a seminar and/or laboratory study of the morphological and behavioral adaptations of selected primates and implications for primate phylogeny. R. Tuttle. Autumn, Winter, Spring.
502. French Africanist Ethnography. PQ: Consent of instructor; reading knowledge of French. This seminar examines the French "tradition" of Africanist ethnographic research and writing, beginning with nineteenth-century military ethnographies, moving on to the Griaule School (including its detractors), and concluding with close readings of Michel Leiris and Jean Rouch. Ethnographic concerns with secrecy, language, and cosmology are located in the context of surrealism, primitivism, modernism, and the Négritude movement in Paris. A. Apter. Winter.
503. State Fetishism in Africa. PQ: Consent of instructor. Cultural approaches to the state in Africa are discussed, focusing on the dialectics of colonialism, nationalism, gender, and commoditization as constituted and negotiated through bodily schema and practices. Ethnographic readings examine imperial ritual, etiquette, and gender relations; national boundaries and the circulation of value; and "physiologies" of state power in postcolonial regimes. A. Apter. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
505. The Anthropological Study of the United States by Foreigners. PQ: Third- or fourth-year standing. This course considers how the United States is treated as "the other" in both the travel literature and the ethnography by Europeans, visitors, and scholars from the Third World. J. Fernandez. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
508. Seminar: Amazonian Ethnology (Contemporary Issues). PQ: Consent of instructor. M. Carneiro da Cunha. Spring.
513. Seminar: Culture and Psychoanalysis. PQ: Consent of instructor. This course centers on the significance of Sigmund Freud's contribution to general theories of culture, as well as contributions of his followers, apostates, and successors. Special attention is paid to major developments in contemporary psychoanalytic anthropology. R. Fogelson. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
516. Seminar: Images, Idols, and Icons (Problems in Visual Representation). PQ: Consent of instructor. The status of the image, as well as the organization of image systems, is explored, with an emphasis on Greek antiquity, the Renaissance, and Catholic colonial New World. M. Carneiro da Cunha. Autumn.
523. Seminar: The Craft of Anthropology (Methods and Ethics). PQ: Consent of instructor. This seminar is a critical introduction to the methods of anthropology that pays special attention to the ethics of fieldwork, the politics of knowledge involved in ethnography, the problems of "writing" culture, the so-called crisis of representation in the social sciences, and the varieties of techniques and methods conventionally used by anthropologists. J. L. Comaroff. Winter.
527. Twentieth-Century Seminar: India as a Disciplinary Site. This seminar uses South Asian materials to view the archive of the twentieth century as composed of complex disciplinary productions that have divided the century into naturalized periods; to resituate works originally conceived as analytic studies as sources for the study of the twentieth century; and to reopen the various dates and ruptures that have created breaks between disciplinary territories and fostered the illusion of natural chronologies. The course is as much a critique of the disciplinary histories as of the processes by which histories of the present are constructed by scholars and activists. A. Appadurai. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
528: Seminar: Politics of Reproduction. PQ: Consent of instructor. This course takes up the ways in which representations of the body, of human sexuality, and of human reproduction are systematically intertwined, in different places and times, with conceptualizations of the nature and powers of the state, conceptualizations of "citizenship," the formulation of human "rights," and the construction of national and individual identities. The course aims to construct critiques of "democratic" and other political theories, as well as to build an understanding of the workings of political power as it is linked to gender inequality. S. Gal. Spring.
531. Seminar: Problems in Indigenous South American Societies. PQ: Consent of instructor. This seminar focuses on contemporary, ethnohistorical, and archaeological data on Amazonian and Andean societies, compared to Central American cases. Topics include the development of complex societies and states, including political-economic dynamics and contradictions at both local community and state levels; systems of social production; moiety, triadic, and quadripartite structures; cosmological systems; and the problems of development. A. Kolata, T. Turner. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
532. Seminar: Cultural Politics and the Contemporary World System. PQ: Consent of instructor. This seminar examines ways that developments in the contemporary world system are affecting issues of concern to anthropology, such as "culture," "society," and personal identity. We look at the relations between nation, state, civil society, ethnicity, local communities, and indigenous peoples, and the political and ethical issues these effects and changes raise for anthropological practice. T. Turner. Spring.
536. Seminar: Critical Studies of Sexuality. PQ: Consent of instructor. Class limited to fifteen students. This course critically examines how lesbian-gay-bisexual identity politics have come to be so crucial to American formations of same-sex desire and practices and, more generally, how sexual politics have come to be so crucial to American culture and politics. To do so, it examines the emergence of "sexuality" as a sphere of personal definition and of heterosexuality and homosexuality as categories of experience and identity in the United States and how sexual desires and practices are invested with meaning in other cultural fields. E. Povinelli, G. Chauncey. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
547. Seminar: Performance and Politics. PQ: Consent of instructor. This seminar examines the ways in which politics in the contemporary world are constituted by forms of (re)contextualized language and performativity. The aim throughout is to critique and unpack the overly familiar notions of domination, resistance, naturalization, authority, tradition, and identity by specifying the precise ways the pragmatics of language use produces particular social effects in polities founded on diverse cultural principles. The semiotics of social and cultural boundaries is also be a central focus. S. Gal. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
549. Seminar: Gifts and Commodities, Sacrifices and Tributes. PQ: Consent of instructor. Different forms of give and take in human society are considered through recent studies. V. Valeri. Winter.
550. Seminar: Praxis and Culture. PQ: Anthro 341 or 447 and consent of instructor. This seminar deals with the relevance of concepts of action, activity, and praxis for anthropological concepts of culture, the individual, and society. Readings are from Marx, hermeneutics, phenomenology, psychology, linguistics, sociology, and philosophy. Topics include applications to anthropological problems; the structural properties of cultural constructs; narrative; ritual; ideology; social organization; and political issues. T. Turner. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
551. Seminar: Issues in Contemporary Social and Cultural Theory. PQ: Consent of instructor. Topics include the critique of modernism and postmodernism; the concepts of "late capitalism," transnationalism, and changes in the role of the state relating to ethnicity, nationalism, multiculturalism, hegemony, xenophobia, and cultural fundamentalism; "interpretation," "discourse," and "dialogism," comprising neohermeneutic, poststructuralist, and Bakhtinian Marxist perspectives; representation, "the other," and the critique of ethnography; "practice theory," "habitus," and "structuration"; and issues arising from anthropological engagement in advocacy and development. T. Turner. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
552. The Anthropology of Modernity. PQ: Consent of instructor. This course explores such topics as mass media, migration, ethnic movements, and consumerism to deparochialize existing models of modernity and to provide an ethnographic approach to transnational, intercultural problems of communication, mobilization, and action. A. Appadurai. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
553. Seminar: Reading Legal Discourse. PQ: Consent of instructor. This course examines recent trends in critical legal studies/critical race theory (CLS/CRT) and their importance to the anthropology of law in multicultural and transnational contexts. It begins by situating CLS/CRT among anthropological interests in law and society. Readings and discussions focus on how to analyze the values and hierarchies embedded in legal decisions and on the relationship between law, narrative, and social dominance. The course ends with a practicum that has students analyze specific court cases. E. Povinelli. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
556. Seminar: Commodity Fetishism. PQ: Consent of instructor. Few arguments in social theory have attracted as much attention as Marx's mock revelation of "the fetishism of the commodity and its secret." Much debate about capitalism, and about the relation between political economy and culture, has involved Marx's argument. We consider commodities in theory and reality, seeking the secrets of the commodity and the limits that scholarly fetishism of the commodity has placed on our studies of the culture and history of capital. The course focuses on the interest in the cultural logic of capitalist societies. J. Kelly. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
558. Seminar: Structure and History. PQ: Consent of instructor. Class limited to twenty students. This course features the role of cultural order in historical change, with analytic examples from diverse ethnographic sites in the early modern and modern periods. M. Sahlins, M. Carneiro da Cunha. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
560. The Preindustrial City. PQ: Consent of instructor. The origins and structure of the preindustrial city are examined. The seminar is broadly comparative in perspective and considers the nature of the archaic city in a variety of regional and temporal contexts. A. Kolata. Autumn, Winter.
561. Long Term Histories of Tropical Forager-Traders. PQ: Consent of instructor. This seminar examines the history of groups living at the economic and political margins of complex political economies and the construction of that history in terms of archaeological and anthropological systematics. We ask how such people come to be marginalized, and what roles they may play in the structure and logic of larger societies. We focus on a debate regarding the "status" of tropical peoples who hunt, gather, and trade, among other things. This literature is ethnographic, historical, and archaeological. K. Morrison. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
564. The Intensification of Production. PQ: Consent of instructor. In this course we examine the theoretical literature surrounding the concept of the intensification of production, and evaluate the conceptual underpinnings of the concept and its use in anthropology, as well as its applications and analytic utility. In archaeology, the process of intensification has come to be linked with a range of issues from subsistence change to the development of "complexity," and has been linked to a variety of supposed causal mechanisms. K. Morrison. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
565. The Archaeology of Colonial Encounters. PQ: Consent of instructor. This seminar compares archaeological approaches to the process of colonial interaction. It uses temporally and geographically diverse case studies from the archaeological and historical literature, within a critical discussion of anthropological theory on the topic. The course evaluates archaeology's potential to provide a unique window of access to precapitalist forms of colonial interaction and to augment historical studies of the expansion of the European world-system, as well as its methodological problems and limitations. M. Dietler. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
568. Seminar: Power, Gender, and Archaeology (Problems of Method). PQ: Consent of instructor. What can archaeologists learn about power and gender in the past? How do we frame our inquiries and how do we (how should we) go about addressing them? Although we discuss the conceptual parameters of power and, in a more limited way, of gender and review their treatment in the archaeological literature, in this class we focus specifically on method, critically assessing archaeological conventions and systematics, and evaluating the potential for new approaches. K. Morrison. Winter.
577. Seminar on Current Research Topics: Language and Power. PQ: Consent of instructor. This graduate seminar takes up ways in which language and political power have been conceptualized in current research. We consider language ideologies, literacy, and standardization; ideological sources of language differentiation; and nation building and linguistic difference. S. Gal. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
578-1,-2,-3. Classical Nahuatl I, II, III. Introduction to the spoken language with tapes and transcriptions, grammatical notes and exercises, aural comprehension, and oral practice. N. McQuown. Not offered 1997-98; will be offered 1998-99.
579-1,-2,-3. Maya Glyphic Writing I, II,
III. Introduction to Maya glyphs
with practice in analysis; alphabetic transcription; and translation
into Maya, Spanish, and English. N. McQuown. Not offered 1997-98;
will be offered 1998-99.